nobel fizyoloji veya tıp ödülü sahipleri listesi ne demek?

Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü (İsveççe: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), İsveç Karolinska Enstitüsü tarafından her yıl fizyoloji ya da tıp alanında çeşitli konularda alanlarındaki olağanüstü katkıları için bilim insanları ve doktorlara verilen ödül. Alfred Nobel'in 1895 tarihli vasiyeti üzerine; 1901 yılından itibaren bilim insanlarına alanlarında seçkin katkıları için verilmeye başlanan, kimya, fizik, edebiyat ve barış alanları ile birlikte beş Nobel Ödülü'nden birisidir.¹ Nobel'in vasiyeti gereği ödül Nobel Vakfı tarafından yönetilir ve İsveç Karolinska Enstitüsü tarafından seçilen bir yönetici sekreter ve beş üyeden oluşan bir komite tarafından verilir.²³ Çoğu zaman Nobel Tıp Ödülü olarak anılmasına rağmen Nobel vasiyetinde özellikle "fizyoloji veya tıp" olarak belirtmiştir. Bu sayede ödül daha geniş bir alanda verilebilmektedir.⁴ İlk Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü 1901 yılında Alman bilim insanı Emil Adolf von Behring'e verildi.⁵ Her ödül sahibine, bir madalya, bir diploma ve miktarı yıllara göre değişen para ödülleri verilir.⁶ 1901 yılında Emil Adolf von Behring 150.782 İsveç kronu, ki bu 2008 yılı Aralık ayında 7.731.004 İsveç kronuna eşittir, para ödülü aldı. 2008 yılında ise Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi ve Luc Montagnier 10.000.000 kron para ödülünü (1 milyon € ya da 1,4 milyon US$'dan biraz fazla) paylaştılar.⁷ Ödül, Stockholm'de Nobel'in ölüm yıldönümü olan 10 Aralık'ta bir ödül töreniyle verilmektedir.⁸

Ödül sahipleri fizyoloji veya tıpla ilgili birçok farklı daldaki çalışmalarıyla bu ödülü kazanmışlardır. 2000 yılına kadar ödüllerde öne çıkan dallar ise 13 ödül ile nörobiyoloji, yine 13 ödül ile ara metabolizma, 8 ödül ile G proteinleri ve ikincil mesajcılar aracılığı ile sinyal iletimi konuları olmuştur.⁹ 1939 yılında Alman bilim insanı Gerhard Domagk, ülkesinin hükûmetinin izin vermemesi nedeniyle ödülünü alamamıştır. Domagk daha sonra madalya ve diplomasını almış ancak para ödülünü almamıştır.¹⁰ 2012 itibarıyla 10 kadın bilim insanı bu ödülü kazanmıştır: Gerty Cori (1947), Rosalyn Yalow (1977), Barbara McClintock (1983), Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986), Gertrude B. Elion (1988), Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1995), Linda B. Buck (2004), Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (2008), Elizabeth H. Blackburn (2009) ve Carol W. Greider (2009).¹¹ 2012 itibarıyla toplam 201 kişi Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü kazanmıştır. Bununla birlikte I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları gibi nedenlerle 9 yıl (1915–1918, 1921, 1925, 1940–1942) ödül verilmemiştir.

Kazananlar listesi

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Yıl</th> <th colspan="2">Kazananlar</th> <th>Ülke</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td>1901</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="wikilink">Emil Adolf von Behring</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya_İmparatorluğu" title="wikilink">Almanya İmparatorluğu</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1902</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ronald_Ross" title="wikilink">Ronald Ross</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1903</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="wikilink">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a></td> <td><a href="Danimarka" title="wikilink">Danimarka</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1904</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov" title="wikilink">Ivan Petrovich Pavlov</a></td> <td><a href="Rusya" title="wikilink">Rusya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1905</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Robert_Koch" title="wikilink">Robert Koch</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya_İmparatorluğu" title="wikilink">Almanya İmparatorluğu</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1906</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Camillo_Golgi" title="wikilink">Camillo Golgi</a></td> <td><a href="İtalya" title="wikilink">İtalya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Santiago_Ramón_y_Cajal" title="wikilink">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a></td> <td><a href="İspanya" title="wikilink">İspanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1907</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="wikilink">Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1908</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ilya_Ilyich_Mechnikov" title="wikilink">Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov</a></td> <td><a href="Rusya" title="wikilink">Rusya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Paul_Ehrlich" title="wikilink">Paul Ehrlich</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya_İmparatorluğu" title="wikilink">Almanya İmparatorluğu</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1909</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="wikilink">Emil Theodor Kocher</a></td> <td><a href="İsviçre" title="wikilink">İsviçre</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1910</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Albrecht_Kossel" title="wikilink">Albrecht Kossel</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya_İmparatorluğu" title="wikilink">Almanya İmparatorluğu</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1911</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Allvar_Gullstrand" title="wikilink">Allvar Gullstrand</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1912</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Alexis_Carrel" title="wikilink">Alexis Carrel</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1913</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Charles_Robert_Richet" title="wikilink">Charles Robert Richet</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1914</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Robert_Bárány" title="wikilink">Robert Bárány</a></td> <td><a href="Avusturya" title="wikilink">Avusturya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1915</td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">Ödül verilmedi</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1916</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1917</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1918</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1919</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Jules_Bordet" title="wikilink">Jules Bordet</a></td> <td><a href="Belçika" title="wikilink">Belçika</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1920</td> <td></td> <td><a href="August_Krogh" title="wikilink">Schack August Steenberg Krogh</a></td> <td><a href="Danimarka" title="wikilink">Danimarka</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1921</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Ödül verilmedi</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1922</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Archibald_Hill" title="wikilink">Archibald Vivian Hill</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="wikilink">Otto Fritz Meyerhof</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya" title="wikilink">Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1923</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Frederick_Banting" title="wikilink">Frederick Grant Banting</a></td> <td><a href="Kanada" title="wikilink">Kanada</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="wikilink">John James Rickard Macleod</a></td> <td><a href="Kanada" title="wikilink">Kanada</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1924</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Willem_Einthoven" title="wikilink">Willem Einthoven</a></td> <td><a href="Hollanda" title="wikilink">Hollanda</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1925</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Ödül verilmedi</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1926</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="wikilink">Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger</a></td> <td><a href="Danimarka" title="wikilink">Danimarka</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1927</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="wikilink">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a></td> <td><a href="Avusturya" title="wikilink">Avusturya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1928</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Charles_Nicolle" title="wikilink">Charles Jules Henri Nicolle</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1929</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Christiaan_Eijkman" title="wikilink">Christiaan Eijkman</a></td> <td><a href="Hollanda" title="wikilink">Hollanda</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="wikilink">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1930</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Karl_Landsteiner" title="wikilink">Karl Landsteiner</a></td> <td><a href="Avusturya" title="wikilink">Avusturya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1931</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="wikilink">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya" title="wikilink">Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1932</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="wikilink">Charles Scott Sherrington</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="wikilink">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1933</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="wikilink">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1934</td> <td></td> <td><a href="George_Whipple" title="wikilink">George Hoyt Whipple</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="George_Minot" title="wikilink">George Richards Minot</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="William_P._Murphy" title="wikilink">William Parry Murphy</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1935</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hans_Spemann" title="wikilink">Hans Spemann</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya" title="wikilink">Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1936</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="wikilink">Henry Hallett Dale</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Otto_Loewi" title="wikilink">Otto Loewi</a></td> <td><a href="Avusturya" title="wikilink">Avusturya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1937</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Albert_Szent-Györgyi" title="wikilink">Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt</a></td> <td><a href="Macaristan" title="wikilink">Macaristan</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1938</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Corneille_Heymans" title="wikilink">Corneille Jean François Heymans</a></td> <td><a href="Belçika" title="wikilink">Belçika</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1939</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Gerhard_Domagk" title="wikilink">Gerhard Domagk</a></td> <td><a href="Almanya" title="wikilink">Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1940</td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Ödül verilmedi</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1941</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1942</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1943</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Henrik_Dam" title="wikilink">Henrik Carl Peter Dam</a></td> <td><a href="Danimarka" title="wikilink">Danimarka</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="wikilink">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1944</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Joseph_Erlanger" title="wikilink">Joseph Erlanger</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="wikilink">Herbert Spencer Gasser</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1945</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Alexander_Fleming" title="wikilink">Alexander Fleming</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="wikilink">Ernst Boris Chain</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Howard_Florey" title="wikilink">Howard Walter Florey</a></td> <td><a href="Avustralya" title="wikilink">Avustralya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1946</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="wikilink">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1947</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="wikilink">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Gerty_Theresa_Cori" title="wikilink">Gerty Theresa Cori, Evlilik öncesi soyadıyla Radnitz</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Bernardo_Houssay" title="wikilink">Bernardo Alberto Houssay</a></td> <td><a href="Arjantin" title="wikilink">Arjantin</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Paul_Hermann_Müller" title="wikilink">Paul Hermann Müller</a></td> <td><a href="İsviçre" title="wikilink">İsviçre</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1949</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="wikilink">Walter Rudolf Hess</a></td> <td><a href="İsviçre" title="wikilink">İsviçre</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="António_Egas_Moniz" title="wikilink">Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz</a></td> <td><a href="Portekiz" title="wikilink">Portekiz</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1950</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="wikilink">Edward Calvin Kendall</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Tadeus_Reichstein" title="wikilink">Tadeus Reichstein</a></td> <td><a href="İsviçre" title="wikilink">İsviçre</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="wikilink">Philip Showalter Hench</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1951</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Max_Theiler" title="wikilink">Max Theiler</a></td> <td><a href="Güney_Afrika_Birliği" title="wikilink">Güney Afrika Birliği</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1952</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Selman_Waksman" title="wikilink">Selman Abraham Waksman</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1953</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="wikilink">Hans Adolf Krebs</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="wikilink">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1954</td> <td></td> <td><a href="John_Franklin_Enders" title="wikilink">John Franklin Enders</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="wikilink">Thomas Huckle Weller</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="wikilink">Frederick Chapman Robbins</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1955</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hugo_Theorell" title="wikilink">Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1956</td> <td></td> <td><a href="André_Frédéric_Cournand" title="wikilink">André Frédéric Cournand</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Werner_Forssmann" title="wikilink">Werner Forssmann</a></td> <td><a href="Batı_Almanya" title="wikilink">Batı Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Dickinson_W._Richards" title="wikilink">Dickinson W. Richards</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1957</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Daniel_Bovet" title="wikilink">Daniel Bovet</a></td> <td><a href="İtalya" title="wikilink">İtalya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1958</td> <td></td> <td><a href="George_Wells_Beadle" title="wikilink">George Wells Beadle</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="wikilink">Edward Lawrie Tatum</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Joshua_Lederberg" title="wikilink">Joshua Lederberg</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1959</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Severo_Ochoa" title="wikilink">Severo Ochoa</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Arthur_Kornberg" title="wikilink">Arthur Kornberg</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1960</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="wikilink">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a></td> <td><a href="Avustralya" title="wikilink">Avustralya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Peter_Medawar" title="wikilink">Peter Brian Medawar</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1961</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Georg_von_Békésy" title="wikilink">Georg von Békésy</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1962</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Francis_Crick" title="wikilink">Francis Harry Compton Crick</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="James_D._Watson" title="wikilink">James Dewey Watson</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Maurice_Wilkins" title="wikilink">Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a> <a href="Yeni_Zelanda" title="wikilink">Yeni Zelanda</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1963</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="John_Carew_Eccles" title="wikilink">John Carew Eccles</a></td> <td><a href="Avustralya" title="wikilink">Avustralya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="wikilink">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Andrew_Huxley" title="wikilink">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1964</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="wikilink">Konrad Bloch</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="wikilink">Feodor Lynen</a></td> <td><a href="Batı_Almanya" title="wikilink">Batı Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1965</td> <td></td> <td><a href="François_Jacob" title="wikilink">François Jacob</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="André_Michel_Lwoff" title="wikilink">André Lwoff</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Jacques_Monod" title="wikilink">Jacques Monod</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1966</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="wikilink">Peyton Rous</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="wikilink">Charles Brenton Huggins</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1967</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ragnar_Granit" title="wikilink">Ragnar Granit</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="wikilink">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="George_Wald" title="wikilink">George Wald</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1968</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Robert_W._Holley" title="wikilink">Robert W. Holley</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="wikilink">Har Gobind Khorana</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="wikilink">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1969</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Max_Delbrück" title="wikilink">Max Delbrück</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Alfred_Hershey" title="wikilink">Alfred D. Hershey</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Salvador_Luria" title="wikilink">Salvador E. Luria</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1970</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Bernard_Katz" title="wikilink">Bernard Katz</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Ulf_von_Euler" title="wikilink">Ulf von Euler</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Julius_Axelrod" title="wikilink">Julius Axelrod</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1971</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland,_Jr." title="wikilink">Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1972</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Gerald_Edelman" title="wikilink">Gerald M. Edelman</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="wikilink">Rodney R. Porter</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1973</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Karl_von_Frisch" title="wikilink">Karl von Frisch</a></td> <td><a href="Batı_Almanya" title="wikilink">Batı Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Konrad_Lorenz" title="wikilink">Konrad Lorenz</a></td> <td><a href="Avusturya" title="wikilink">Avusturya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="wikilink">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1974</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td><a href="Albert_Claude" title="wikilink">Albert Claude</a></td> <td><a href="Belçika" title="wikilink">Belçika</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Christian_de_Duve" title="wikilink">Christian de Duve</a></td> <td><a href="Belçika" title="wikilink">Belçika</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="George_Emil_Palade" title="wikilink">George E. Palade</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1975</td> <td></td> <td><a href="David_Baltimore" title="wikilink">David Baltimore</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Renato_Dulbecco" title="wikilink">Renato Dulbecco</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Howard_Martin_Temin" title="wikilink">Howard Martin Temin</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1976</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="wikilink">Baruch S. Blumberg</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="wikilink">D. Carleton Gajdusek</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1977</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roger_Guillemin" title="wikilink">Roger Guillemin</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Andrew_Schally" title="wikilink">Andrew V. Schally</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="wikilink">Rosalyn Yalow</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1978</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Werner_Arber" title="wikilink">Werner Arber</a></td> <td><a href="İsviçre" title="wikilink">İsviçre</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Daniel_Nathans" title="wikilink">Daniel Nathans</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Hamilton_O._Smith" title="wikilink">Hamilton O. Smith</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1979</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="wikilink">Allan M. Cormack</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="wikilink">Godfrey N. Hounsfield</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1980</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baruj_Benacerraf" title="wikilink">Baruj Benacerraf</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Jean_Dausset" title="wikilink">Jean Dausset</a></td> <td><a href="Fransa" title="wikilink">Fransa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="George_Davis_Snell" title="wikilink">George D. Snell</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1981</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="wikilink">Roger W. Sperry</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="David_H._Hubel" title="wikilink">David H. Hubel</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Torsten_N._Wiesel" title="wikilink">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1982</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Sune_Bergström" title="wikilink">Sune K. Bergström</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="wikilink">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a></td> <td><a href="İsveç" title="wikilink">İsveç</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="John_Robert_Vane" title="wikilink">John R. Vane</a></td> <td><a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1983</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Barbara_McClintock" title="wikilink">Barbara McClintock</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1984</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="wikilink">Niels K. Jerne</a></td> <td><a href="Danimarka" title="wikilink">Danimarka</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Georges_J._F._Köhler" title="wikilink">Georges J.F. Köhler</a></td> <td><a href="Batı_Almanya" title="wikilink">Batı Almanya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="César_Milstein" title="wikilink">César Milstein</a></td> <td><a href="Arjantin" title="wikilink">Arjantin</a> <a href="Birleşik_Krallık" title="wikilink">Birleşik Krallık</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1985</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="wikilink">Michael S. Brown</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="wikilink">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1986</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Stanley_Cohen_(biyokimyacı)" title="wikilink">Stanley Cohen</a></td> <td><a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="wikilink">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></td> <td><a href="İtalya" title="wikilink">İtalya</a> <a href="Amerika_Birleşik_Devletleri" title="wikilink">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1987</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Susumu_Tonegawa" title="wikilink">Susumu Tonegawa</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">1988</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td>Sir <a href="James_W._Black" title="wikilink">James W. Black</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Gertrude_B._Elion" title="wikilink">Gertrude B. Elion</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="George_H._Hitchings" title="wikilink">George H. Hitchings</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1989</td> <td></td> <td><a href="J._Michael_Bishop" title="wikilink">J. Michael Bishop</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Harold_E._Varmus" title="wikilink">Harold E. Varmus</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1990</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Joseph_Murray" title="wikilink">Joseph E. Murray</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="E._Donnall_Thomas" title="wikilink">E. Donnall Thomas</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1991</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Erwin_Neher" title="wikilink">Erwin Neher</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Bert_Sakmann" title="wikilink">Bert Sakmann</a></td> <td>Federal Cumhuriyeti</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1992</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Edmond_H._Fischer" title="wikilink">Edmond H. Fischer</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Edwin_G._Krebs" title="wikilink">Edwin G. Krebs</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1993</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td>Sir <a href="Richard_J._Roberts" title="wikilink">Richard J. Roberts</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="wikilink">Phillip A. Sharp</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">1994</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Alfred_G._Gilman" title="wikilink">Alfred G. Gilman</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Martin_Rodbell" title="wikilink">Martin Rodbell</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1995</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Edward_B._Lewis" title="wikilink">Edward B. Lewis</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Christiane_Nüsslein-Volhard" title="wikilink">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a></td> <td>Federal Cumhuriyeti</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="wikilink">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">1996</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td><a href="Peter_C._Doherty" title="wikilink">Peter C. Doherty</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="wikilink">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1997</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="wikilink">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">1998</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Robert_F._Furchgott" title="wikilink">Robert F. Furchgott</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Louis_J._Ignarro" title="wikilink">Louis J. Ignarro</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Ferid_Murad" title="wikilink">Ferid Murad</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1999</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Günter_Blobel" title="wikilink">Günter Blobel</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2000</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Arvid_Carlsson" title="wikilink">Arvid Carlsson</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Paul_Greengard" title="wikilink">Paul Greengard</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Eric_Kandel" title="wikilink">Eric R. Kandel</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">2001</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Leland_H._Hartwell" title="wikilink">Leland H. Hartwell</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Tim_Hunt" title="wikilink">Tim Hunt</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Paul_Nurse" title="wikilink">Paul M. Nurse</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2002</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Sydney_Brenner" title="wikilink">Sydney Brenner</a></td> <td><a href="Güney_Afrika_Birliği" title="wikilink">Güney Afrika Birliği</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="H._Robert_Horvitz" title="wikilink">H. Robert Horvitz</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="John_E._Sulston" title="wikilink">John E. Sulston</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2003</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Paul_Lauterbur" title="wikilink">Paul Lauterbur</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Peter_Mansfield" title="wikilink">Peter Mansfield</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2004</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Richard_Axel" title="wikilink">Richard Axel</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Linda_B._Buck" title="wikilink">Linda B. Buck</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2005</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Barry_Marshall" title="wikilink">Barry J. Marshall</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Robin_Warren" title="wikilink">J. Robin Warren</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2006</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Andrew_Fire" title="wikilink">Andrew Z. Fire</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Craig_Mello" title="wikilink">Craig C. Mello</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">2007</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Mario_Capecchi" title="wikilink">Mario R. Capecchi</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Martin_Evans" title="wikilink">Martin J. Evans</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Oliver_Smithies" title="wikilink">Oliver Smithies</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2008</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Harald_zur_Hausen" title="wikilink">Harald zur Hausen</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Françoise_Barré-Sinoussi" title="wikilink">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Luc_Montagnier" title="wikilink">Luc Montagnier</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">2009</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Elizabeth_H._Blackburn" title="wikilink">Elizabeth H. Blackburn</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Carol_W._Greider" title="wikilink">Carol W. Greider</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Jack_W._Szostak" title="wikilink">Jack W. Szostak</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>2010</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="Robert_G._Edwards" title="wikilink">Robert G. Edwards</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="4">2011</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Bruce_Beutler" title="wikilink">Bruce A. Beutler</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="wikilink">Jules A. Hoffmann</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Ralph_M._Steinman" title="wikilink">Ralph M. Steinman</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="2">2012</td> <td></td> <td>Sir <a href="John_Gurdon" title="wikilink">John B. Gurdon</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Shinya_Yamanaka" title="wikilink">Shinya Yamanaka</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2013</td> <td></td> <td><a href="James_E._Rothman" title="wikilink">James E. Rothman</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Randy_W._Schekman" title="wikilink">Randy W. Schekman</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Thomas_C._Südhof" title="wikilink">Thomas C. Südhof</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">2014</td> <td></td> <td><a href="John_O'Keefe" title="wikilink">John O'Keefe</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="May-Britt_Moser" title="wikilink">May-Britt Moser</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Edvard_I._Moser" title="wikilink">Edvard I. Moser</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="4">2015</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="William_C._Campbell" title="wikilink">William C. Campbell</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Satoshi_Ōmura" title="wikilink">Satoshi Ōmura</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Tu_Youyou" title="wikilink">Tu Youyou</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>2016</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="wikilink">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2017</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="wikilink">Jeffrey C. Hall</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Michael_Rosbash" title="wikilink">Michael Rosbash</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Michael_W._Young" title="wikilink">Michael W. Young</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2018</td> <td></td> <td><a href="James_P._Allison" title="wikilink">James P. Allison</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Tasuku_Honjo" title="wikilink">Tasuku Honjo</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="3">2019</td> <td></td> <td><a href="William_Kaelin_Jr." title="wikilink">William Kaelin Jr.</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="wikilink">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Gregg_L._Semenza" title="wikilink">Gregg L. Semenza</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td rowspan="3">2020</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Harvey_J._Alter" title="wikilink">Harvey J. Alter</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><a href="Michael_Houghton" title="wikilink">Michael Houghton</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Charles_M._Rice" title="wikilink">Charles M. Rice</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td rowspan="2">2021</td> <td></td> <td><a href="David_Julius" title="wikilink">David Julius</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><a href="Artem_Pataputyan" title="wikilink">Artem Pataputyan</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>2022</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Svante_Pääbo" title="wikilink">Svante Pääbo</a></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>